Week 11: Practicing Instagram – Video

Donald Norman “Good design is actually a lot harder to notice than poor design, in part because good designs fit our needs so well that the design is invisible, serving us without drawing attention to itself. Bad design, on the other hand, screams out its inadequacies, making itself very noticeable.” (2013)

How did you author the video you recorded for upload to Instagram?

I used the iPhone camera to record this video. Indeed I only recorded the preparation part as I found it is to difficult to film and cook my salmon at the same time, I always had to flip the salmon to ensure it won’t burn. Therefore, I felt a bit regret about not having a tripod if I had it, the filming would be much effortless. While I am filming, I did not apply any filters and stopped the filming after a step end. I think the filming process this week was not smooth, due to I could not manage both tasks simultaneously.

Additionally, processing to editing, I used iMovie to edit and delete some of the video scenes, also muted the background sound as the stove and the hoods was too noisy. Instead, I inserted a piece of background music provided by iMovie to make the video vivid. Then, I planned to use a filter, however, those filters was exaggerated and I could not adjust the transparency of the filter, hence I gave up using the filter. Besides, at the end of the video, I inserted the picture of the dish to show how its look after cooking with some transitions and a headline – Sauteed Salmon provided by iMovie. Yet, I used the 2x speed function to my video clip and I discovered it was quite interesting, unlike in a normal speed which may make my audience drowsy.

To a video editing beginner like me, iMovie is just right which provide fundamental tools for us to utilise conveniently but to a more advance level, iMovie would not be suitable. Thus, to a user like me, iMovie would be a good design, through the understanding of its affordances and the conceptual model, users could easily generate a mapping to use iMovie, whilst do not require external learning.

How did you publish the video you recorded for upload to Instagram?

I chose the Sauteed salmon with the headline as the cover, to deliver what the video. Indeed, for the caption, it is regarding my previous post which simply describes how to make the salmon appetising. So, the caption is ‘Sauteed Salmon, super easy. Use some salt to massage the salmon before frying it in the pan. Use butter to replace oil for sauteing. Great!’ Rather than typing out a recipe this time,  I typed my way to panfry a salmon as a sharing purpose instead.

This video was published at around 9 pm, for my previous week’s posts, I usually publish them at around 3 pm or 4 pm. I am not sure is this one of the factors leading the views are accumulating in a slow-pace than the previous week, as the report showed around 20 views after an hour of publishing. I remember in the previous week, there will be 30-40 views in an hour.

How did you distribute the video you published on Instagram to other social media services?

To an extent, I discovered the views of a video is much higher than a photo. Below is a screenshot of the distribution report, it is given that approximately 101 Instagramers had seen this video, most of them are through hashtags (Fig1). Similarly, shown in my last week’s video post report, there are approximately 138 users had seen my video with a large proportion through the hashtags (Fig2). However, for the photo, there are only 61 users saw my post with a majority from the hashtags (Fig3). The hashtags in these three posts are similar, I also used #港式料理 #煮婦人生 #香港美食 #簡易食譜 (Hong Kong Cuisine, Life of ‘Cooking wife’, Hong Kong Food, Easy recipe). Therefore, it is certain that the distribution of the posts aligned with which hashtags the users have applied. For the reasons that the distribution of a video post is greater than a photo post, Livigrace.Co stated that from the explore page, it is common to see videos than photos, since the launch of IGTV (2019). Hence, for my views of the video, it is proved to be more than the photo posts.

Fig1 Fig2  Fig3 [the circle: total views; the arrow: views from hashtags]

Other than that, I published to my Twitter and Facebook after uploading the video to Instagram. Alike with what I did for my photo post, I typed the caption regarding Salmon then inserted a link to direct people to my Instagram. Surprisingly, it works as I discovered there is a user whom a Facebook friend of mine (my primary teacher) named ‘biancachan11’ followed easycook425 (Fig4), thus this method is useful to direct people following my main channel.

Fig 4

 

References

Livigrace.Co, 2019, 2020Instagram Tips – 3個IG 熱推中的功能(增加暴光必看!)(-3 Instagram highly recommended functions), Youtube, 09 September, Hong Kong, viewed on 19 May 2020

Norman, D., 2013, ‘The Design of Everyday Things: Revised and Expanded Edition’, Basic Book, New York, Preface Chapter

Week 11: Practicing Instagram – Photo

Donald Norman “Good design is actually a lot harder to notice than poor design, in part because good designs fit our needs so well that the design is invisible, serving us without drawing attention to itself. Bad design, on the other hand, screams out its inadequacies, making itself very noticeable.” (2013)

How did you author the photo you recorded for upload to Instagram?

In the last week, I author this ‘Salmon’ through my iPhone camera, using the same filter as last week, to make my profile united. However, this time there was a slightly different as I did not picture it under the light from the hoods but under the room light which the light was not sufficient that I really had to use my torch to light up the photo. On the other hand, I used top-angle and close up to echo with the other posts in my profile.

As I said, I do not like to use Instagram to author and edit my photo, therefore I used Canva to compose my post this time. I discovered this app really deserved to be a ‘good design’, there are many templates for every social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and Youtube, thus I chose Instagram post and the app will suggest some templates for me to use and modify it. However, due to the consistency of my profile, I just chose a blank square page, which aligned with the size of an Instagram post for me to further edit. As I have tried several times on how to photograph the dish in these several weeks, hence I only took once for this week. When I insert the photo into Canva, I found that I forgot to use the ‘square’ function from the iPhone camera again… Yet, this time I had to adjust the size and crop so to fit the square of Instagram.

Despite, I had to adjust manually but it was accessible as the frame was already in square, all I needed to do is to enlarge the picture to make the photo fit into a square. Then, I started to edit my photo artistically, I implemented a filter – Harvest and customised its contrast, saturation and colouring through the advanced setting to fit my account’s profile. After this step, the picture was ready to publish.

To suit the term aesthetic visual communication (Leaver, Highfield, Abidin, 2020, p38) which Lev Manovich recognised, Canva really could assist users who have a low artistic sense to perform stylishly on Instagram. Besides, it also allows users of Canva to design their own template and save it which the user could use again, hence to organise and unify their Instagram profile. This is really convenient and sufficient. Therefore, I would identify Canva is a good assistant and a good design for Instagramers.

How did you publish the photo you recorded for upload to Instagram?

Canva could directly link with Instagram that users can publish their post through this editing app. Hence, I used this way to publish my post this time so I do not need to load the photo again on Instagram, archiving my gallery. For the caption, it is ‘My favourite, Sauteed Salmon. With cheese for topping is the best!’, I typed this is because I hope to express my fascination towards salmon, this caption described my feeling literally. I planned to add a location and tags for this time, however, I could not find a suitable location to add. Instagram defaulted existing locations that I could not create one, which upset me. Then, I tried to add tags, regrettably, there was not a specific account for salmon, thus I gave up and publish to the platform with the captions only.

How did you distribute the photo you published on Instagram to other social media services?

For the distribution, rather than uploading to Twitter and Facebook simultaneously, I distributed separately after publishing the post to Instagram. This is because I wanted to compose another caption on Twitter and Facebook to direct my audience to view the post on Instagram. Mentioned in Week 9’s blog, easycook425 is the main channel for me to communicate and interact with my audience, especially at the moment that I do not have many followers, so hoped to direct all potential viewers to Instagram in prior.

On both Twitter and Facebook, the captions are similar though it was on a different language. As I think Facebook is mainly for my friend zone who the majority are Hong Kongers, while Twitter users often used English in Tweet, so I just follow. I embed a link which would direct the potential viewers to the Instagram account, thus, to attract them to follow the account.

The hashtags the Instagram post have both English and Chinese. I included Chinese is because last week I discovered it had a greater possibility to attract my target audiences, which would help to widen my post’s distribution. Besides, some hashtags were high in exploring rate and frequency like #港式料理 #煮婦人生 #香港美食 (Hong Kong cuisine/ Life of ‘cooking wife/ Hong Kong Gourmet), which they could help escalating my post’s exposure.

References

Leaver, T., Highfield, T., Abidin, C., 2020, ‘Instagram: Visual Social Media Cultures’, Digital Media and Society, Polity Press, United Kingdom, Chapter 2

Norman, D., 2013, ‘The Design of Everyday Things: Revised and Expanded Edition’, Basic Book, New York, Preface Chapter

Week 10: Practising Instagram – Video

Donald Norman “Good design is actually a lot harder to notice than poor design, in part because good designs fit our needs so well that the design is invisible, serving us without drawing attention to itself. Bad design, on the other hand, screams out its inadequacies, making itself very noticeable.”  (2013)

How did you author the video you recorded for upload to Instagram?

For this week video, I author it through Instagram, with the ‘start-stop touch’ feature, I found it was quite convenient but there is a constraint that user could not take several footages and choose the best one to edit. Especially, this cooking video, I was forced to take one shot only, unlike last week that I could combine all the best footages I had in post-edit. I used a top-shot throughout the filming which I found the composition would be good and simple, another reason is that I don’t want to show my messy kitchen. Besides, the video I took was a bit shaky that I did not have a tripod with me if I have it, the video would be more perfect. Indeed, the background was a bit noisy so I muted the video, I thought I could add a piece of background music like last week so as to make the video more interactive, however, Instagram did not provide this function, making my video was drowsy. For the cover page, I chose the French toast as the cover, firstly making my profile consistent, second was to show my audience what is the video about.

Actually, I would not use Instagram to film or edit my next week’s video, despite the ‘start-stop touch’ feature was user-friendly, but there were way too many constraints for a video editor to produce a video, I think Instagram as a tool for video authoring is a ‘bad design’, I would rather use external apps and tool which allow me to edit the exposure, lighting, warmth, soundtracks, subtitles etc. for a video, I do not think my video this time is in good quality.

How did you publish the video you recorded for upload to Instagram?

The caption I included was according to the last post – ‘Actually home-made French Toast is very easy to make’ with steps and ingredients to show my target audiences. With the steps written underneath the video, my audiences could easily refer to each step making the recipes more accessible. Furthermore, I chose the same filter – ‘skyline’ so as to make my profile unify. I thought I could further edit the detail of the filter like editing the photo but after I selected the filter and proceed, it is the caption page already. Luckily, the profile still looks united. On the other hand, although I am in Melbourne now but I located the post in Hong Kong, as I want to show this French Toast is in Hong Kong Style.

In terms of publishing, overall is similar to publishing a photo, though I could not edit the filter. The process is still conducive and accessible.

How did you distribute the video you published on Instagram to other social media services?

I added the same hashtags as the last post so two posts could be aligned and I found those hashtags effectively increased the exposure of the post. As I discovered the post I did yesterday reached 49 people while for my video which uploaded for 1 hour reached 32 people already.

Today’s video post
Yesterday’s ‘French toast’ post

Also, I uploaded to my Facebook simultaneously with the same caption. Another channel I planned to upload to Snapchat however it restricted video longer than 11 seconds, hence, I uploaded to my Twitter. However, uploading to my Twitter was not efficient in terms of widening the distribution, as my friends are usually active on Facebook and Instagram. Therefore, I added hashtags into the captions, however, limited to the word count of a Tweet, I could not directly use all the hashtags from my Instagram post. So I deleted all the English hashtags, I am certain the Chinese hashtags could help me distribute to my target audience – Hong Kongers.

References

Norman, D., 2013, ‘The Design of Everyday Things: Revised and Expanded Edition’, Basic Book, New York, Preface Chapter

Week 10: Practicing Instagram – Photo

Donald Norman “Good design is actually a lot harder to notice than poor design, in part because good designs fit our needs so well that the design is invisible, serving us without drawing attention to itself. Bad design, on the other hand, screams out its inadequacies, making itself very noticeable.” (2013)

How did you author the photo you recorded for upload to Instagram?

For this week post, I decided to upload one of my favourite Hong Kong food – French Toast as I missed a lot since I left Hong Kong for exchange. The process to make home-made French Toast

isn’t that complicated as the toast that I used to eat in a restaurant, so the authoring took around 15 – 20 minutes. In order to take the photoshoot, I place the dish on my hand and took a close-up

shot with my iPhone camera, whilst I tried different embedded filters from Apple to photo the French toast such as Vivid warm and cool. At last, I decided to use vivid cool, which seems to be the most consistent with my last week post. Additionally, the same as last week, I chose not to use the flash which would make the lighting less natural but used the light torch and the warm light from the hoods to create natural lighting on the toast. In my opinion, an appropriate amount of light could make the food looks more tasty and juicy.

However, I did not use the ‘square’ function in the camera because I forgot about it… Despite of this, I could crop it before I publish to Instagram, so it’s not a big deal.

How did you publish the photo you recorded for upload to Instagram?

Rather than editing the photo in Lightroom and Snapseed, I tried to edit the photo on Instagram before publishing. Editing is essential as it shows the sincerity of the author and to make the post look it is ‘designed’. ‘Designed photos’ are being arranged and edited to have distinct styles in modern style, sometimes used photo editing apps such as VSCO. Photos are focusing on space, shadows, close-up and little detail (Manovich, 2016 part 2, p.17). Therefore, when I was authoring, I’ve considered what Manovich perceived ‘design photos’ to be. However, when considering the perspectives and details, this photo definitely could not be defined as ‘professional photos’ – Authors aren’t producing visually interesting and perceived as ‘good photography’ which follow the algorithms with the use of smartphones to full-frame cameras. Those professional photos are focusing deep perspective, landscape and details. (Manovich, 2016 part 2, p.11). Yet, adopting the way to author ‘design photos’ would be the best-suited to my account.

Furthermore, I was discovering the affordances of using Instagram to edit the photo, because I was not used to it. First, like usually what I did, I chose my decided shot, then I scroll through the filters designed by Instagram. I pressed accordingly to see which filter suit the photo and the consistency of the account’s profile. Hence, I chose the filter – ‘Skyline’ which was discovered in the ‘Manage’ section. Afterwards, I proceed to further edit the photo with the filter, including the brightness, contrast, warmth and saturation to customise the style I want which suit the consistency. Then, before I started typing the captions, I exited the editing and save it as a draft so that I can check the consistency with my last week post before publishing. Regrettably, it did not look united, so I tried again to edit in customise. This step, I had repeated for 3 times, at last, I reduced the warmth and saturation of the photo and then go on to the caption. Despite, it still not look very aligned but under the constraints of editing through Instagram, it was the best. Comparing with other editing apps, Instagram would not be a ‘good design’ which there are too many restrictions and constraints.

This week caption was ‘French Toast, Self-made in Australia, I missed the flavour from home’ (西多士係澳洲自制 想念家鄉的味道). Without regards to last week’s post, I did not include steps and ingredients as I planned to do it in the next post – video. So that my audience can read through the steps with the assist through the video clip.

How did you distribute the photo you published on Instagram to other social media services?

Similar as last week, I included hashtags in the post, yet I enclosed more hashtags than week 9’s post to see if hashtags really bring more viewers. Comparing last week’s report, I’ve reached 10 people with only 4 hashtags in the video post, comparing with this week, I’ve published for an hour which it has already reached 5 people with 16 hashtags. Therefore, I am certain the coverage would continue to rise.

Hashtagas: #西多士 #煮婦人生 #簡易料理 #港式 #港式料理 #下午茶 #港式西多士 #你厚多士 #飲食日記 #frenchtoast #hkstyle #teatime #easycooking #hongkongstyle #hongkongfood #hongkongfoodie – Both Chinese and English hashtags meaning is identical, the reason that I used Chinese hashtags this time is due to my target audiences are mainly Hong Kongers, hence, these hashtags could help my post to distribute to my target.

On the other hand, I distributed this post to my Facebook simultaneously as it’s really convenient. However, there are limitations which the updates in Instagram could not be updated on Facebook, yet hashtags on Instagram and Facebook are different. In this aspect, it is not a ‘good design’, as they are not synchronised.

Also, I planned to distribute on my Twitter simultaneously, but I discovered I forgot the password so I gave up and uploaded to Pinterest in

my ‘Food’ board together with my ‘egg dumplings’. The caption is ‘French Toast HK style’ and enclosed a link to direct people to Instagram. The caption was simple as Pinterest isn’t my main channel to interact with my audience.

 

 

 

References

Manovich, L. 2016, Instagram and the Contemporary Image. University of San Diego, USA, part 1 p.11-17

Norman, D., 2013, ‘The Design of Everyday Things: Revised and Expanded Edition’, Basic Book, New York, Preface Chapter

Week 9: Practising Instagram – Photo

How did you author the photo you recorded for upload to Instagram?

This week our focus is on the authoring, publishing and distributing our own content on Instagram. Using Instagram has been my daily routine since I was a college kid, it allows me to share my days with my friends and peers to keep us in touch, also it provides a platform for content creators to innovate their ideas which align with our aesthetic and values.

I thought for a while about the style and the content of my account. As currently is a quarantine time, is it better for me to stay at home rather than hanging out, so I decided to utilise this account to share some easy recipes that I have made during this moment in Melbourne. For this week, I made ‘egg dumplings’, it is so easy that only spend me less than 10 minutes. In order to record the photo, I put the dish on a flat surface under an abundant of light and used my iPhone XR to capture the photo. Perhaps, I was not satisfied with the 1st trial as the lighting was not good, so I used the light torch to add some more lights to make the dumplings look juicier and mouthwatering. Indeed, I used the ‘square’ function in the iPhone camera and make the object centralised in structure to take the photo so it could fit the constraints of Instagram. Consequently, the photo was great.

Afterwards, I used ‘Snapseed’ to edit the exposure, stains and lighting in the photo (showed in Pic.2). Then, I opened ‘Lightroom’ installed on my phone to edit the colour distribution of the photo, as Lightroom allows users to edit different colours accordingly (showed in Pic.3). Prior to this step, I think of the consistency of my account which I decided the account could be rich in colours. For the last step, I used ‘RNI Flims’ to add ‘dust’ and ‘vignette’ into the photo (showed in Pic.1), so as to create a sense of retro style that corresponds to the current trend.

 

(Pic 1.)(Pic 2.)

(Pic 3.)

Yet, I did not directly upload the photo through ‘RNI Flim’, because my usual practice is to upload the photo through Instagram thus there is a chance for me to edit if I wished to. Despite, for this photo, I did not use Instagram’s filter to further edit my photo.

 

 

 

 

 

How did you publish the photo you recorded for upload to Instagram?

Yet, I did not directly upload the photo through ‘RNI Flim’, because my usual practice is to upload the photo through Instagram thus there is a chance for me to edit if I wished to. Despite, for this photo, I did not use Instagram’s filter to further edit my photo as I prefer to edit freely rather than restricted by the filters and functions provided by Instagram and directly publish it after editing.

It was my first post in my new account @cookinmel__and it looks a bit drowsy. The title was ‘EGG DUMPLINGS’ with the egg and dumpling emoji and I included some information regarding this dish, such as estimated cook time, level of difficulty, ingredients and steps. Additionally, I added some hashtags, #eggdumplings #easyrecipes #masterchef #quarantinelife #cooking #easycooking #melbourneexchange #蛋餃.

I hope the way I publish could embody the current social media trend that the photo is on an aesthetic way, also reflect the ordinary subject and meaningful ideas  (Manovich, 2016, p.10). As I am certain this theme could be meaningful during quarantine, it could make my day to be interesting, despite this account is typical but I still want to share what I have done during the lockdown. On the other hands, it could be an inspiration for other content creators to link up everyday moment surrounding the social environment with creativity by using their camera phone to capture them (Manovich, 2016, p.12).

How did you distribute the photo you published on Instagram to other social media services?

Mentioned in the previous paragraph, I exploited hashtags so to let my photo further distributed in the platform, users could search the relevant tags and discover my post. Perhaps, I tried to follow people who need request to increase the chance for following mutually, this act allows more users to browse my page, like the post I publish or even share it to their friends. However, the followers of this account are way more little than my personal account, which may not be sufficient in terms of distribution. Indeed, I switch my account to ‘business account’ with a label of ‘individual’ in my profile, therefore I could check the report in regards to the distribution and interaction of the post.

For further distribution, I uploaded the post into my Facebook account and share it with my friends. Mainly, the purpose is to raise awareness and ask for following my Instagram account so there is a different caption – ‘Limited Edition Insta Account’ with a link inserted into the post. Besides, I added some hashtags like what I did on Instagram. I did not directly share the post through Instagram as I would like to have a different caption, in addition, I want my audiences to focus on my Instagram rather than Facebook.

Another execution of ‘Egg Dumplings’ is Pinterest, I published it on my Pinterest and create a board named ‘Food’ with the title ‘Foodie’ and caption – ‘egg dumplings!! Super delicious!! Master Chef during the quarantine. Further information available on Instagram’ with laughing emoji. I also inserted a link to forward audiences to my Instagram account page. Sharing on Pinterest is a way to influence people who like to cook or love taking pictures of food to ‘pin’ my post and save to their ‘board’, the ‘pin’ function on Pinterest allows users to influence mutually which help to further distribute my photo.

Pinterest  Facebook

References

Manovich, L. 2016, Instagram and the Contemporary Image, University of San Diego, USA, Part 1 p. 9-18

Week 8: Networked Video

Who is the practitioner (what is their name?) and when were they practising?

View this post on Instagram

A post shared by JASON (大J) (@hunggy9527) on

Jason Chow – a Hong Kong Youtuber who started his career since 2012, mainly uploading videos related to gaming and video blogging.  He was the first Hong Kong Youtuber who achieved 1 million subscribers. Whilst he owns 234 thousand Instagram followers which he utilises the platform to engage and interact with his fans and audiences by sharing his daily livings or some personal opinions through the platform. Jason signed up to Instagram in 2013 and had his first post and the first video on 17 September 2013 and 13 July 2014 respectively. Recently, it is discovered that there are sponsored ads on his Instagram.

What is the title of the photo or video you have chosen to analyse (can you provide a link?)

View this post on Instagram

早餐。

A post shared by JASON (大J) (@hunggy9527) on

From the enclosed caption of the video, it is identified that he titled the video as ‘Breakfast’ (早餐), yet there is no further description made by him about this ‘breakfast’.

With the photo or video, you are examining when was it produced (date)?

The video was published on 21 April 2020 at 8 pm. However, it is certain that he produced the video during the daytime as there was sunlight shown in the video clip, though it could not be proved whether he really filmed the video during breakfast time.

How was the photo or video authored? 

From the style of his published photos and videos on Instagram, it can be conjectured that his video was authored by his phone by just holding it on hand, as the video was shown to be a bit shaky. Comparing the video he authored on Youtube, it was higher quality in terms of the video’s stability, resolution and structure, indeed, the videos were being edited in colour saturation, the transition between footages and some animations were added. These elements could not be discovered in his video clips published on Instagram, which gives proof that this video was simply filmed by his phone camera and published to Instagram during his free time. Also, he mainly exploited Instagram as a tool to share his daily livings to his friends, fans and audiences like normal individuals will do, yet, the video was a record of his life that maybe he suddenly wanted to film his ‘breakfast’. So, this video lasted less than one minute that he did not need to put so many efforts as he did on Youtube. This gives evidence of Jason authored this video with a simple act of holding his phone and press the ‘red’ button to record it.

How was the photo or video published? 

Given that smartphones nowadays made people easy to share a video that does not require them to upload the video to the computers before sharing (Halpern, M. and Humphrey L, 2016 p.7), people could simply press the ‘share’ button through their smartphone gallery or archived from Instagram, they can publish the photo. It can assume that Jason also shares his video through this way as it is the most convenient way to share his daily to his followers.

View this post on Instagram

快高長大啦~

A post shared by JASON (大J) (@hunggy9527) on

Comparing the first video he published to Instagram in 2014, the video at that time was in a lower resolution and it was not so common to use a smartphone to record a video. Therefore, from the reflection of the video, it can be seen that he used a camera instead to film then upload it to the computer and transfer it to his phone and publish. He mentioned on his one of his Instagram posts that he did not use Instagram often, so comparing now he did not need a convenient way nor efficient way to share his livings with his followers. In contrast, the ‘breakfast’ was in a higher resolution and the device he had in the present allows him to publish the video in a more convenient way.

How was the photo or video distributed?

Regarding his large group of followers on Instagram, his followers were able to like, comment and share his video, it allows Jason to engage with his followers. Indeed, the nature of Instagram also allows his video to be found in the ‘search’ page when his video had gained a great exposure, this makes his video could be further distributed on the platform. Also, the comment and share function provide a re-distribution of the video by his followers, making his video to be distributed widely on Instagram. However, there are some limitations, as Jason is a Cantonese Youtuber that he is more active and popular among teenagers (24 years old or below) in Hong Kong, which leads that his video re-distribution by Instagram is only limited in Hong Kong and in a younger age group.

Additionally, Jason employs Instagram as a tool and channel to promote his Youtube video by publishing a short scene from his Youtube video, so as to attract more potential viewers to boost up his views of his Youtube video. With his sizable group of followers, it allows his followers to share the short clip of his Youtube video to their friends and share among the platform, thus to enhance the distribution of the promotion.

Contrastingly, Jason’s Instagram posts were ordinary despite he is a celebrity in Hong Kong, he did not put many edits on every post which was like what normal Instagram users will do. Unlike Agnes from last week’s blog, there both are a celebrity but they have extreme differences in the style of using Instagram. In my opinion, I think this is because both of them have a different purpose in using Instagram:

Jason: use it to instantly share his daily livings and opinions, along with his occupation his full-time Youtuber.

Agnes: for sponsored ads (beauty & fashion), image building through sharing her daily livings, as she is a social influencer that managing social media platforms like Instagram is so crucial to her.

References

Halpern, M. and Humphrey L. 2016, ‘Iphoneography as an emergent art world’. New Media and Society, Vol 18, no. 1, pp. 1-8

Week 7: Networked Photography

Who is the practitioner (what is their name?) and when were they practising?

Agnes Wong – a social media influencers from Hong Kong, who is actively on Instagram and Youtube whilst gaining 141 thousand Instagram followers. Most of her distributed photo is about her daily livings, food sharing and product advertising with different cosmetic brands. There is not an accurate date of when she started her career as a social influencer, however, it is certain that she becomes familiar in Hong Kong since 2017 (the debut of his brother – Boris Wong, as a Youtuber), as his brother released videos with the frequent appearances of herself that make herself popular. This is the video which makes Agnes becomes well-known.

What is the title of the photo or video you have chosen to analyse (can you provide a link?) 

The photo published on April 8 2020. She did not title this photo but from the caption and location she enclosed, it can be identified the photo is named as ‘Sunny Slide Up Eggs’. The ‘location’ function is provided by Instagram which is designed for users to show where the photo is located. Yet, Agnes used the function to emphasize the theme of its photo. The action from her, broaden the affordances of how users can use the ‘location’ function before publishing the photo on Instagram.

Translation of the caption: “Recording the first success of frying a sunny side up egg in my life. I was afraid to make the egg burnt so I am always doing scrambled egg. However, it doesn’t, all I have to do is to wait for the egg to be cooked in the pan (sorry I just knew it now), it is fine to not flipping it. I don’t even have to wash the spatula. Okay, end of sharing.”

With the photo or video, you are examining when was it produced (date)?

The photo is produced on 8 April 2020. (According to the posting date on Instagram) But presumably was produced sometime before the date it was published as it was shown to be edited before authorising it. Despite, it can be done in a short period of time.

How was the photo or video authored?

It is known that her photography is mostly taken and edited by her own, as she sometimes uploaded Instagram story of how she takes the photo. While some of the photos that include advertising component, it can be speculated that is taken either by his brother or the professional photographer provided by the cooperated brand. Agnes had mentioned she often used Adobe Lightroom and Snapseed to edit her photos (Boris, 2019). She also stated that she often adopts a composition that the object is centralized and in vertical. Meanwhile, for the colour arrangement, she recommended choosing tools that have the same colour tones with the background which could enhance the consistency of the whole photo. In ‘Sunny Slide Up Eggs’, it could see she put those techniques into practice, with the object in the centre, the plate is united with the background colour.

Indeed, from the editing perspective, Agnes was demonstrating how to use Snapseed and Lightroom accordingly to edit the lighting, saturation and colouring of the photo (Boris, 2019). This authorising allows her to create the cohesiveness in her Instagram gallery which makes the visualisation more aesthetic in the photo-centric social media, thus connecting her audiences by this visual experience (Palmer, 2014 p249). Yet, the photo was in vintage style which is trying to mimic the lo-fi look with a high saturation of colours and some granularity noise, which emulated a retro outlook (Palmer, 2014 p249).

How was the photo or video published?

   

Instagram photos recently                 Instagram photos in early (2014)

The photo she first published was dated on 20 May 2014, it was a great contrast when comparing to the posts she has in the present. In contrast, her posts in the past were edited without coherence and we can identify that some of her posts were using the filters by Instagram. Perhaps, some of the photos were authored by her Canon camera, but consider that she publish her photos by her smartphone which is fast and convenient (Halpern & Humphrey, 2016 p.2). In the editing apps (Lightroom & Snapseed) she uses, it can be found that users could directly share the authorised and edited photo through the application and archive them into Instagram. Although it is unknown whether Agnes did something like this, it proves that how convenient could users share their photos to social media sites.

Moreover, Agnes was not confined to what is on Instagram, for example, she would not crop the photo into ‘square’ nor label the location which is really a place in reality. Like what she had done in this post, she labels ‘Sunny Slide Up Eggs’ in the location which is literally not a place. Indeed, this is not limited to this post, also in other posts, she used this method to indicate her theme of the photo she published.

Meanwhile, her change in style is a strong example for other Instagram users or digital photograph authors like me to publish photos in their unique ways. The plethora of apps allow manual manipulation to edit photos or add filters before or afterwards (Halpern & Humphrey, 2016 p.8), hence, users could utilise them to develop their own style and establish their own ‘brand’ in the Instagram gallery. Agnes’ work in integrity and collaboration would definitely be an insight for her audiences to imitate or to reference, yet it also provides her the opportunity to make money by Instagram.

How was the photo or video distributed?

Regarding to the nature of Instagram, the photo was distributed to her 141 thousand followers on the platform. Despite of this, the ‘share’ buttons allow her followers to share her photo to their friends who are not her followers, the act of re-distribution broaden the coverage of the photography. Also, the ‘comment’ function could let her audiences to leave a message on her post to interact with her or to tag their friends to check her post. This act also helps Agnes to approach more users. Other than that, some of her posts were sponsored advertisement that cooperated with various beauty brands, she used different kinds of tags and hashtags in those posts that make her reaching a larger proportion of audiences. With the influences of different brands sponsoring her, it boosts up her popularity.

For other Instagram practitioners, it is recommended to exploit the usage hashtags to optimise the visibility of the posts and reaching more audiences. They could pay to use sponsor ads so as to gain more audiences’ view and tailored to specific audiences ranging from gender and age to interests.

References

Boris 2019, ‘Revealing the scene behind of our IG photo? Sharing the detail and fundamental colour editing skills’, 23 April, Youtube, Hong Kong, viewed on 20 April 2020

Halpern, M. and Humphrey L. 2016, ‘Iphoneography as an emergent art world’. New Media and Society, Vol 18, no. 1, pp. 1-8

Palmer, D. 2014, ‘Mobile Photography’, in G Goggin and L Hjorth (eds), The Routledge Companion to Mobile Media, 1st edition, Routledge, Abingdon, UK, pp. 249-255.

Week 6: Analogue Video

Who is the practitioner (what is their name?) and when were they practising?

Nam June Paik (July 20, 1932 – January 29, 2006) was a Korean American artist who was known as the pioneer in video art. He was trained as a classical pianist at an early age to pursue his interest in music, performances and composition. After moving to Germany, he met Joseph Beuys and Wolf Vostell (conceptual artists) who inspired him to work in electronic art and become dedicated to being part of the Neo-Dada movement. The movement was inspired by composer John Cage who use everyday sounds and noises in his experimental music. Under such influences, June Paik engaged in artistic practices and made his debut in 1963 at an exhibition named ‘Exposition of Music-Electronic Television’.

What is the title of the photo or video you have chosen to analyse (can you provide a link?) 

Title: Video Flag Z (1986)

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With the photo or video, you are examining when was it produced (date)?

It is created in 1986.

How was the photo or video authored?

The video was authored by Paik in 1986 using 84 Quasar Televisions in grid form with 6-foot high to create an America flag layout. He created two channels, one to feed all the screens on the left top section in stars while another channel is to feed the rest of the screens in stripes. The stars and the stripes changed constantly like dissolving in and out, spinning and flashing. Sometimes, it indistinctly showed news still, rotating statue of Liberty and faces with a morph of US presidents from Harry S. Truman to Bill Clinton and it is endlessly running of ones and zeros. This work was created based on the American flag for three sculptures: Video Flag X, Video Flag Y and Video Flag Z with a symbolic meaning to praise America and the power of learning from youth-oriented culture. Video Flag Z embodied the latest advance of technology during the 80s, including laser disks, automatic switcher and thirteen-inch monitors, this incorporates his belief in technology that gives people a chance to make a shared art and the idea of ‘Global Grove’ as he had predicted in 1973 there will be global satellite TV which allows people to switch to any TV station in the world (Tate 2019).

How was the photo or video published?

The video was published as the analogue electronic signals to create the flash and transition of image on the monitors. Indeed, analogue video and television are highly reliant on physical objects in the world (Lister et al, 2009, p. 19), like cables, fibres, television monitors, electricity supply etc. This means Paik had to ensure all the points were interfering with the signal so to project the effects in the video.

Unfortunately, there are limited sources to show whether the videos had been shown in other analogue television. However, it is certain that this video was shown on 84 Quasar monitors in the art galleries or exhibitions in the past. Yet, the screen of the Video Flag Z went dark since the 2000s and Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) conservator John Hirx stated that they could not find replacement anymore subsequent to the closure of Quasar manufacturing. The artwork pieces are currently stored in the museum’s warehouse. This situation applies to other avant-garde works as they are videos, laser-discs and technology-based, they are plagued with failing disk drives, burned-out bulbs, scorched wires etc (Pham 2004) when times went by. The video art involves various sectors to conserve, unlike the analogue photography that only required several chemicals and designated environment to maintain it.

How was the photo or video distributed?

As known that Video Flag Z was shown in Los Angeles Country Museum of Art from 1986 till the 2000s. Regrettably, people could not see its authentic anymore due to the dissipation of time, however, there are still access via Youtube because of visitors and fans of Paik recorded the art piece while they are visiting the gallery and upload it online. Besides, the image of it could be found in the museum sites.

References

Lister, M et al 2009, New Media: A Critical Introduction, Routledge, New York, p16-21

Pham, A. 2004, Art That Goes on the Blink, Los Angeles Times, viewed on 7 April 2020

Tate, 2019, 5 Times Artist Nam June Paik Predicted the Future | Tate, Youtube, 20 December, Tate, viewed on 7 April 2020

Week 5: The Analogue photography

Who is the practitioner (what is their name?)  and when were they practising?

Henri Cartier-Bresson (22 August 1908 – 3 August 2004), a French photographer. He was inspired by a 1920 photograph of 3 naked boys by a Hungarian photojournalist, Martin Munkacsi.  Therefore, he started to take up photography seriously from the early 1930s and retired from photography in the 1970s.

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What is the title of the photo or video you have chosen to analyse (can you provide a link?)

‘Behind the Gare Saint-Lazare’. Click here for the photograph.

credit to:

With the photo, you are examining when was it produced (date)?

It was produced in 1932 in Paris.

How was the photo or video authored?

Henri Cartier-Bresson used a Leica camera with 35mm film tape to create this black-and-white photo which he was also well-known for this. The photo was created at the very beginning of his photography career, yet he used this mobile camera to capture with a split-second shutter speed. The photo was taken behind a train station called Gare Saint-Lazare in Paris with a small construction area next to it and created a slightly flooded area. There was a man leaping on the puddle, who was just a second before his heel touched the water and ruined the perfect reflection. When Cartier-Bresson passed by and stuck his lens through the fence made up of wooden slats as he could (Harris and Zucker, 2012). Thus, it happened to have this photo created. Mentioned in his documentary (Analogish, 2017), that photographers have to be sensitive and aware of the surroundings, as the moment to press the shutter is just an instant of time.

The photograph’s particular exposure and the geometry were worth to investigate. He was well-known in the geometry of the photograph as he thought it creates a strong relationship with lines and shapes (Analogish 2017). So, in this image, there were elements matching the geometry forms, like the reflection from the man’s leap and the fence in the puddle, the rooftop with steady form, the arching forms on the foreground and some advertisements in the background. Therefore, the photograph snapshot a movement and yet with stability in it which create a balance. Also, it reflected the urban environment at the same time.

The image embodies Cartier-Bresson’s concept of the ‘decisive moment’, which is when the snapshot is immediate instantly captured and reflect the time, place and culture. The moment in the image was captured instantly within a fraction of second if not the man would step into the puddle and ruined the scene.

How was the photo or video published?

Unfortunately, there is little information offered on where the composition went after Cartier-Bresson’s creation. However, from MOMA (2020), it is given that the image was created in 1932 and printed in the 1950s with the medium of Gelatin silver print which was developed in the darkroom. The film had to wash with chemicals which are sensitive to lights, then it produces a film negative which is the black is produced to white, vice versa. This allows light could go through it and cast it into the light-sensitive paper to create the positive print. (Asto and Kayo, 2019).

Indeed, there were limitations to publish the image at that age. Tools and chemicals to produce the image were expensive, besides there were limited physical spaces such as printed magazines and newspaper. To be published by the news agencies, the image had to go through several examinations, this is absolutely distinct when compared to the accessibility in present days. Besides, photographs can’t be seen before print, which makes film photographing is so much excited.

Back to 1950s, when Cartier-Bresson printed the image as a preliminary based, he was deeply into the exposure and the geometry illustrated in the photo and the instant moment captured in the image (Harris and Zucker, 2012). As the moment was captured while the man was in the air before he landed on the puddle, the reflection was flawlessly structured, hence, the image was chosen to be one of the pieces in his ‘A Decisive Collection’. Additionally, he objected any post-editing or enhancement like cropping and lighting in his photo which interferes the originality of the photo. Therefore, it is believed that his photo could authentically reflect the actual environment or situation at that moment.

How was the photo or video distributed?

Though it is not available to specifically tell the distribution time and place of this piece of work. However, Cartier-Bresson had held various exhibitions throughout his career since 1933, so, it is believed that this art piece was once distributed in his exhibition. Indeed, the image was one of the photographs in his ‘A Decisive Collection’ which was familiar and popular that would be seen in different art galleries and exhibitions worldwide, including the exhibition ‘Henri Cartier-Bresson: A Decisive Collection’ held in Beetles+Huxley, London in 2015 and  ‘Henri Cartier-Bresson: THE MAN, THE IMAGE & THE WORLD’, Queensland in 2011. Fans and photography lovers would surely visit the galleries and exhibitions for Cartier-Bresson’s artworks.

Of course, with the advanced of technology, the image is available online such as Pinterest, Google search and also can be viewed in the Magnum Photos website, which was co-founded by Henri Cartier-Bresson. Consequently, there are so much accesses to Cartier-Bresson’s works nowadays where the distribution is broader than the past.

Reference

Analogish, 2017, Henri Cartier-Bresson – The Decisive Momentvideo, Vimeo, Germany, viewed on 2 April 2020

Asto, J.C. and Kayo, T., 2019, A Beginner’s Guide to Film Photography, Analog Cafe, blog, viewed on 2 April 2o20

Harris, B. and Zucker, Z., 2012, Cartier-Bresson, Behind the Gare St. Lazarevideo, Khan Academy, viewed on 2 April 2020

Moma 2020, Henri Cartier-Bresson Behind the Gare St. Lazare 1932, sound recording, MOMA, viewed on 2 April 2020

Times 100 Photo 2020, Henri Cartier-Bresson: Behind the Gare Saint-Lazare-photoTimes 100 Photo, viewed on 2 April 2020

 

Week 3: Networks in our daily livings

The outbreak of the COVID-19 is going worldwide pandemic, classes and lectures were announced to be suspended or moving online this week. As an exchange student from Hong Kong, it is not surprised that courses are going to deliver online, as we experienced before. Despite this, I still struggle with what to write in this week’s blog.

Yet, until I saw the focus of this week is ‘Network’.

Things nowadays are connected to the networks, it becomes essential to everyone’s lives. Although the classes were not conducted face-to-face, we still can have it online, this shows network leads to our daily functions are still able to be continued.

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WHAT IS NETWORK?

Networks have been developed for decades and now is the age of Web 2.0, which allows websites and software to let people share images, videos and texts easily on social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram and Youtube. Nonetheless, it also provides a framework or platforms for users to contribute their content as a way to gain access and like or follow. This can be identified as a two-way media. Lister et al (2009, pp223) had mentioned that ‘interactive’ users are constructed as being part of an ever more intimate feedback loop with media producers, where media making and sharing have seems to be democratized, thus people who are not skilful in programing could also afford to share their work. When conducting this to our learning presently, tutors and lecturers generate course resources and publish them online through the platform ‘Canvas’ or ‘Collaborate Ultra’, students could access to it when they are linked up with the network, thereby students could also share their opinions and comments in the platforms to receive an instant reply.

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Uptake of the UGC

To the extent of the user-generated content (UGC) mentioned in class, “any form of content such as blogs, wikis, discussion forums, posts, chats, tweets, podcasts, digital images, video, audio files, advertisements and other forms of media that was created by users of an online system or service, often made available via social media websites” (The Audiopedia 2017), this reduces the difficulties and barriers to collaborate and discover which cultivate the interaction between users. Hence, the development of it enhances the accessibility of social media, users could interact easily, even they could share topics online with simple techniques.

To this point, can you realize that networks are actually surrounding us?

It makes everything that can be done online, putting networks in a vital position of humans.

Try to ask yourself, can you live without networking? For me, definitely a ‘NO!’ How can I live without networks when almost everything is tied up with it?

To the COURSE PROMPT

Coming to the course prompt, this idea greatly influenced the affordances of Instagram. Lister (2009) has mentioned that the new media technology has fostered the visibility of cultural exchange, community building and media activism. With this visibility, users would only consider posts that are well-structured and organized to be published, you would not see low-quality posts easily on Instagram. The reason is obvious – these posts would be discovered everywhere so they have to be in good quality. In addition, when media making is going communized, we can also discover photos and videos that are published, authorized and distributed with simple techniques and skills. In the meantime, Instagram also affords people to edit and structure their photo and videos properly and artistically before publish.  Therefore, the impact of the network towards the affordances of Instagram should not be omitted.

References

Leong E 2020, Week 3 The Network, COMM2219 Networked media, Powerpoint, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne

Lister, M, Dovy, J, Giddings, S, Grant, I & Kelly, K 2009, New Media: A Critical Introduction. 2nd edn, Routledge, New York.

The Audiopedia 2017, What is USER-GENERATED CONTENT? What does USER-GENERATED CONTENT mean?, Youtube, 19 January, viewed 18 March 2020, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MrtIvP6B_7s>