Mixed Media Creative Essay

In “Network Literacy: The New Path to Knowledge” (2007), one of Adrian Miles’ key points is that network media is constantly and rapidly changing and flowing as the day to day conditions of knowledge production and dissemination evolve. What underlies these changes is technological innovation, economic development and public need. Walker (2005) gives the definition of Network literacy. It means linking to what other people have written and inviting comments from others, it means understanding a kind of writing that is a social, collaborative process rather than an act of an individual in solitary.

Network literacy offers the public an opportunity to work with in a communication system which facilities open and transparent sharing through online devices. The purpose of this is to strengthen knowledge and information flow. Miles (2007) suggests Network literacy is an applied knowing through doing. In other words, the user accesses, collates and builds content and knowledge, equally, and ‘is a peer in the networks’.

facebook twitterThe world has changed a lot in the past 10 years. The rapid development of new technology and the landscaping of the online world has changed the way we work and the way we live. The last five years have seen the rise of social media, such as Twitter, Facebook and Weibo. This phenomenon takes elements of the old Geocities personal home page discussion, blogs and dating sites, mashes them together and produces a place where people can advertise their social lives, reconnect with friends and organize events. According to the research from STATISTIC BRAIN, Facebook is the largest online social media founded in 2004. In 2008, Facebook had 100 million users and as of March 2013 has 1.11 billion. Social media has rapidly become an undeniable part of everyday life.(http://www.statisticbrain.com/facebook-statistics/).

 

 

884AF3B8-A996-438A-9DBA-0F73F867690E_1213588615220_716773B7-D8A4-402C-A800-623CD7666F47_1209623970851_RSVP_full-logo-CMYK.gif-640x480-938x704I wish to focus on how public need is driving network literacy changes. “High Speed” is the new word to describe our lives. We want fast food, fast cars and, most importantly, fast internet connection. It is the reason why social media has rapid development because network literacy provides all the information we can live with and make our life be easier. For example, if we don’t have time to meet the life mate in the real world because of busy work, we can use those dating apps, like RSVP (Australia’s No1 dating site), through answering different questions to find people we share the same habits in order to find someone we may like or use social media’s location function to find someone nearby. (http://www.rsvp.com.au/). For satisfying people needs for the high speed life, there are many other social networking tools occurring, such as Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and Linkedin. LinkedIn is sometimes described as a “social networking service for adults”. It’s a very useful tool for quickly informing people about your professional experiences, skills and interests. We also can use LinkedIn to conveniently network with others who have similar backgrounds and interests. People can join Facebook to share information about themselves that tends to be rather informal. A Facebook post is a powerful means for the user to establish relationships with friends by sharing their opinions or interesting experiences happening everyday even if they barely have time chat face to face.

 

Participating in social media is rapidly becoming a necessity for businesses. Recent research has shown that sales people using social media work better than those who don’t. People may mention Facebook and LinkedIn in the same breath, however, while seemingly equal, there’s a significant difference. When you dig into number of users and the features of each site, you begin to see major differences. Linkedin is for professional communication and users tend to be white-collar college graduates whereas Facebook tends to be for social communication. It is designed to encourage people to share and communicate. However, because of Facebook’s popularity with young users of social media, many businesses are using this forum to advertise or inform about their products, ideas etc. Many businesses now have their own Facebook pages to engage influence. Moreover, network literacy gives a good opportunity for those individual businesses to have a platform to promote their business. Holmes (2012) suggests that digital age demonstrates an overview of the level of involvement that each interviewee claimed to have while working with specific online platforms to promote their business.

Video (profit on Facebook)

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Facebook vs. LinkedIn: Stats and Features

 

  Facebook LinkedIn
Members More than 1 billion More than 200 million
Monthly visitors 960 million 97 million
Gender of visitors 43% male
57% female
50% male
50% female
Age of visitor 13-17 years: 7%
18-34 years: 26%
35+ years: 66%
13-17 years: 1%
18-34 years: 19%
35+ years: 80%
Site features Photo uploading
Private message sending
Public message posting
Video uploading
Photo uploading
Private message sending

Video uploading
Networking features Event/activity invites
File sharing
Groups
Instant messaging
Multiuser games
Private messaging
Real-time updates from other users
Event/activity invites
File sharing
Groups



Real-time updates from other users
Search features Filtering
Live search results
Search suggestions
Filtering
Live search results
Search options e-mail address
Gender
Interests
Keywords
Location
Name
Online now
School
e-mail address

Interests
Keywords

Name

(http://www.accountingweb.com/article/using-social-media-business-part-1-facebook-vs-linkedin/222491)

 

According to the survey from ACMA (Australian Communications & Media Authority), the 18-24 and 25-34 age groups are the most common “heaivy” internet users, with 62 persent of each bracket going online more than eight times a week (65 and over was the lowest). Obviously, the young people is the main consumer at network media area. Some of my courses have Facebook home pages as well, allowing students to follow updating course information because they are familiar with those network social media. The course of “Network Media” has own blog page, which is managed by the lecturer and operated by students. So we can post our own thoughts related to the weekly topic on the blog and link other students’ blog and view articles what they wrote previously. (www.mediafactory.com.au) This will give us a huge sense of achievement and inspire the other students in the class to work harder. The education software Blackboard are becoming so dominant among students that it is hard to imagine any professor or student making it through week or even a day without them. Consider a recent survey conducted by the Babson Survey Research Group in collaboration with New Marketing Labs. Drawing from almost 1000 college and university faculty members nationwide, the survey revealed that more than 80 percent use social media in some capacity. And social media get used in the class in various ways. The survey notes that 30 percent use social networks to communicate with their students while more than 52 percent use online video, podcasts, and blogs during tutorial time.

Video (Using Social Media Effectively in Higher Education)

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This phenomenon is showing that how social media popularity among the young people. As a future hunger game imageprofessional media maker, I need to know how to use network literacy to promote my media works. Once a viewer click “like”, it means that more people will see my video. The Hunger Game promotion is a good example using social media marketing to bring fiction to life. The movie company offered fans a chance to win tickets through a Facebook app before the movie on. You could also use this app to buy tickets for yourself and your family. After the movie on, continuing with its overnight fame from its big hit, the company launched a Facebook campaign that allowed fans to register online as a citizen of the make-believe-world. You would also be able to share your profile images across your social sites, and interact with other fans. The movie company use network literacy to promote the movie and keep the hit for the Hunger Game sequel preparation.

Social media has rapidly become an undeniable part of everyday life. Hundreds of social networking sites exist to support a wide variety of interests around the world, according to a 2007 article in the “Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication.” These social networking sites connect strangers and friends together, and incorporate a wide variety of communication tools such as blogging, mobile connectivity and photos or videos shared with other users. Many of these social networking sites encourage users to upload personal information, multimedia files and photos that can be shared with others. Seventy percent of teens use social networking sites. In the explosion of recently developed internet tools, internet users are moving from mere consumers of information to producers as well. No matter who make a video can upload it online, allowed other people watch it. Network literacy crosses country’s boundary, overcoming language barrier, and extends the world. The Korean song “Gangnam style” is the most watched video ever on Youtube. The singer PSY has became popular around the world. The song goes all over the world through Facebook, Youtube, twitter etc.

 

computer-addiction1Youth are among the first to adopt new technologies which they grow up with. They create profiles and upload their thoughts and images of themselves and their friends. They make contact with real-life friends and with new people they “meet” online. As I know, some teenagers count their SM “friends” in the hundreds. Most of them have not met each other in the real world. It seems teenagers tend to make online friends hiding behind computer screen rather than go outdoor talking face to face. Moreover, youth may have technology skills but they often do not have general wisdom to conduct themselves on a public forum. They do not foresee the consequence of their online posts. Hazard such as bullies and online violence do exist. How to keep a healthy network literacy communication environment is a big challenge for now.

 

It is important to learn how to distinguish what is real and what is not for internet users, especially for 48teenager users. It’s no secret that Aimi Eguchi, as a new member in AKB 48 (the popular Japanese singing group) is beautiful and talented. But she is not an exactly human. The manger of AKB 48 posted a video on its website (http://www.glico.co.jp/ice/icenomi/index.html)  showing that how Eguchi had been created using the eyebrows, nose, lips and mouth of other girls. Her face was molded from the features of six AKB48 members; a seventh girl provided Eguchi’s voice. AKB48 even created a profile for Eguchi on their website, which says she was born in 1995 and is from Saitama, near Tokyo. The group’s producer and founder, Yasushi Akimoto, reportedly raved about Eguchi, saying she would be “the heroine of the new age.” Fans began speculating about her last week when the mysterious new pop star suddenly appeared on the cover of the Japanese magazine Weekly Playboy. TokyoHive, a Japanese culture blog, reported that “everyone” was eager to check out the pictures “in order to find out all the secrets behind her beauty.” Eguchi even successfully hold a personal concert in Japan because her fame has been brought through social media promotion. It is a trend that intelligent human exists in the future. For a future film producer, I consider that employing a not real person playing in my video would be a good choice, rather than a real actor/actress for controlling budget.

<http://www.mediafactory.org.au/yinuo-song/2014/10/17/93/>

 

According to an article on the U.S. Department of Labor website, a recent report by PEW <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8233908.stm> found that social network media may be encouraging people to get involved in politics. Facebook, Twitter and Weibo, etc have empowered people.

 

We only need to look at Weibo’s impact on the China in 2010. The Nobel Committee awarded a jailed Chinese liberal dissident Liu Xiaobo the 2010 Peace Prize for his non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China. TV, Radio and Newspaper speak in one voice when facing Nobel Committee against to human rights, stand the same line with government because of censorship. The Chinese government intended to block the news in order keep society stable as it did previously. However, the thing gradually went out of the government’s control. The news of Liu’s Nobel Award was shared extensively through Weibo and created a record of the highest number of re-posts in one day. Weibo, or other social medias in China, indeed affected Chinese media freedom. People talk, discuss and look forward to the government’s reaction, which is a kind of public observation. As for me, living in China, I had not known Mr Liu and was unfamiliar with what he did before scanning Weibo top 10 hot topics in 2010. Most Chinese were in the same condition as same as me. Although the government used a variety of ways to block “Nobel Prize”, such as closing Weibo users’ accounts, setting firewall and employing authorized persons ( called fifty cents party), the news still spread across China fast.

< http://www.mediafactory.org.au/yinuo-song/2014/09/19/liu-xiaobo-case-study/>

Video (Liu Xiao’s case)

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“Fifty cents party” is a new word for Chinese internet users. People called cyber police as “Fifty cent party” for undercover Internet commentators that the Chinese government paid to influence public opinion. “Fifty cents party” refers to the alleged pay the Internet commentators received per post. Currently, the term describes anyone who actively and publicly posts opinions online that defend or support Chinesecensorship government policy. In China, those cyber police report dangerous contents to authorities. They track IP address where those contents are posted from and then know who posted it. They also operate outside China, according to an American journalist who received an aggressive communication from China’s Fifty cents party because the commentator left a dozen anti Chinese government comments to her blog. They questioned her data as whole and did not agree with her views to China. It reminds me that network world is not security. People with technology skills can hack my computer or track my IP address and then know where I am. Doubtlessly, internet users are in danger in this high tech-age. How to protect personal security and avoid information leakage have been problems need to notice.

<http://www.mediafactory.org.au/yinuo-song/2014/10/03/network-dangerous/>

<http://www.mediafactory.org.au/yinuo-song/2014/10/02/who-is-the-dummy/>

 

Recently, Islamic terrorists declare their terrorist attacks through Facebook to Australian government. Such a political participation of the social use, to some extent the information is spreading quickly, but for the public, will it cause the unnecessary panic?

The public need drives social media changes. However, more important, for a future media maker, we create client need rather than follow it. We can anticipate what client needs and future development from social network media rapid changes. For Marketers, It’s really hard to design products by focus groups. A lot of times, people don’t know what they want until you show it to them.  The great success of Iphone is because of Steve Jobs because he understood that when you create a new product, the public can’t imagine it or their need for it until it exists. From this perspective, marketers and product developers must understand how to meet consumer needs before they can articulate them. So, for a future media maker, rapid change of social media means not only keeping up but also creating the change.

<http://www.mediafactory.org.au/yinuo-song/2014/08/26/iphone-tracks-whereever-you-go-online-information-leakage/>

 

Consider the significant of network literacy, we can anticipate what clients need and future development and use social network media to create public need. Meanwhile, Network literacy indeed affects our daily social and professional lives.

Video(Slow Tech)

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Word count 2516

 

 

References

Adrian M 2007, “Network Literacy:The New Path to Knowledge, pp 24-30

Andrew H, 2008, “Network World Canada”, pp 11

Blankenship M, 2010, How Social Media Can and Should Impact Higher Education’, pp 11-12

Chiu, C, 2012, “Understanding Social Media in China”, pp 30-35

Greenwood Beth, “How Can Social Network Sites Affect Teens”

<http://everydaylife.globalpost.com/can-social-network-sites-affect-teens-13459.html>

Hall M, 2014, “Facebook”

<http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1366111/Facebook>

Haley U, 2010, “China’s Fifty Cent Party For Internet Propaganda”

<http://www.huffingtonpost.com/usha-haley/chinas-fifty-cent-party-f_1_b_749989.html>

Laurie M, 2010, “How Social Media Has Changed Us”

< http://mashable.com/2010/01/07/social-media-changed-us/>

Sunder S 2013, “Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication”, The PennsylvaniaStateUniversity, pp 65-70

Kubey RW, “Media Literacy in the Information Age: Current perspective,” pp403

 

Images

<http://www.webperuhotel.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/FACE-TW-YOUTUBE.jpg>

<http://media.truelocal.com.au/H/0/8/0856B9D7-523A-4D0E-95C5-38AE31E8C27C_1213582281690_716773B7-D8A4-402C-A800-623CD7666F47_1209623970851_RSVP_full-logo-CMYK.gif-640×480-300×0.jpg>

<http://siliconangle.com/files/2012/03/hunger-games-facebook-300×225.jpg>

<http://praescientanalytics.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/50hands-290×190.gif>

<http://images.dailytech.com/nimage/12310_6a00d83451c3ab69e200e54f2bde1d8834-640wi.jpg>

<http://wrongwroks.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/48.jpg>

 

Blogs

http://www.mediafactory.org.au/yinuo-song/

 

http://www.mediafactory.org.au/shiwen-qu/

talk with team

Shiwen talks about what is the network media (www,mediafactory.org.au/yinuo-song/2014/10/11/what-is-Networked-media) in her blog last week.

She thinks networked media is a reference to the use of social platforms to promote, organize or engage a social media presence. Social media plays a large role in bringing large groups of people together.

One of the most common social media platforms for networking is Facebook. This allows friends, fans and family to connect and share details of daily life easily. A more professional social media site that is ideal for corporate networking is LinkedIn. LinkedIn allows users to provide a resume of sorts and highlight personal skills, achievements and interests. Users also have the ability to network with top industry professionals and organizations.

we still talked about what are drivers for the changing of media. The first thing came in mind is public want. what does the market  need devides media development direction. the second thing is technology innovation. The innovition provide a chanve that the latest production could satify the public need. the third thing is economic development. people get enough mony consuming in these productions for getting more higher life quality.

questionmark? where is the media heading. Have you seen the movie HER. The charagter fall in love with a digital girl. Nowadays, a visual girl has became a member of  AKB48 which is a very populer in Japan and she even had successfully hold her own concert already.

Databass

In this week’s lecture, Adrian talked about databass. Everything we posted online is in databass in fact and then transfered into the language and the picture. It is a massive information storage,  whether useful depending on how we use it. A databass is an organized collection of data. The data are typically organized to model aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring information. For example, modelling the availability of rooms in hotels in a way that supports finding a hotel with vacancies.databases2

 

Gone Girl

what is marriage means?

compromise? pain? or lost self?

I can not say how bad thing the girl did because the trigger lead to her dilemma is her husband cheating. She disappears on their fifth anniversary. The only suspect is her husband. She plans to kill self when everything goes to the end but she changes her mind. The plan goes well firstly. Her husband became the only suspect and he admitted cheating among the public. However, things going is out of her control……

At the end of the movie, She came back to the family and pretended nothing happened. Her husband found out her plan but decided keep silence.

what is marriage? why two people who loved each other treated as enemy? Are there “Gone Girls” living around us, maybe neighbors who living in next door, maybe strangers who are passing at train station.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ym3LB0lOJ0o

Rothman-Gone-Girl1-690-485

W11 Introduction: Media as Historical Subjects

How can we distinguish the past and identify culture. Different versions and styles of media history do make a differnence. histoey tells us what is important and what isnot because those important stuff, even assumptions have been keeped although much tastes may have changed.

History tells us who is significant and wo is not as well as about the meanings of media, qualities of human communication, and causal mechanisms that account for historical change. The author refered the meaning of media what he thinks. media  includes varies medium which is a middle platform connecting  the entertainment outlets and audience. media can be seen a unified natural entity while medium is a bridge linking our eyes and the outside world that it helps us to experience as sights.

It pays to be careful with language, and yet media seem to be hard to talk or write about with much precision. Media can be described as “the end of that History”, with a capital H, was more clearly in sight. Media is a becoming process, never stop. it tends unthinkly to be regarded as heading a certain “coherent and directional” way along an inevitable path, a history, toward a specific and not -so-distant end. For example, blogger arise has been followed by facebook occured. We use these platforms just for sharing daily life and communicating with friends so no matter which format is. blooger, facebook, twitter, in my opinion, all of them are same in content but with different formats.

All historical subjects are certaintly not alike. The histories of science and art, for instance, differ considerably in the construction of their respective subjects. The art historical object from long ago- a vase, painting, or sculpture- is still art today, however much tasts may have changed. The theory from Galileo has been proved wrong  because his theory only can be used in a specific condition. Doubtnessly,  Galileo is a great scientist because what he did also made a  huge contribution for generations although it was wrong. But the scientific object from long ago is not science at all. what kind of historical subjects are media? Are they more like nonscientific? Science represents nature, however, media seem more involved in human culture. So media is a kind of non scientific object.

McLuhan mentioned that media is not just that each new medium represents its predecessors. media represent and delimit representing, so that new media provide new sites for the ongoing and vernacular experience of representation as such. Smartphone has camera and recorder function, even can be used as a small laptop although the quality of photo and records are not good as those professional technology, it is easy to use and bring. calling and texting are basic functions for mobile phone. the reason why manufacture make provement becuase the market need.

 

Network, dangerous

I have been troubled with internet recently because there is one overseas company transfer out my money without my permission. I just offer them my card number and last digital four number f

12_4_orig

or buying a movie. However, this is a fake company who steal money  from my bank account. I went to the bank and sto

pped the one of accounts service at the first time and staff told me that my another account was safe. So I think it easy to resolve.

But when I check account history information, I found that company has transferred  money from my another account. what makes me fear is that I did not offer any information about this account to them. that means they can track me personal information according to what I provide to them.

Then staff told me their system  is safe and there is possibly my computer has been hacked. it is shocked me and takes me into James Bond’s world. I even doubted whether they spy me through m

y computer camera and the information I saved in computer is in high risk. The feeling is like I am living in a house with glass wall. people passing can notice what is happening in my home, which is uncomfortable.

Now I am avoid using online netbank in case there is any risk that drags me in trouble. High tech age is unsafe.

Who is the dummy??

As the internet users grow, ce

nsorship gradually seems lost power. People speak out what they want to express. Is it true? According to what I know, government employed some people, called “5 cents party” in China, watch people’s behavior in networked world. whether they say anything against the government or communist party. If they did, 5 cents party would track IP address and found who post it.

whether I can say people get more free in networked world?

censorship-1

Thailand Kathoey

Look at this Video. It was shooter by a katoey who was born in man but they make up, dress up.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YEAbjowQLv8

ladyboyband

I watched the video this week and really confuse about why Thailand, as  a Asian country, has high tolerance to the third gender.

Kathoey show has become an attraction in Thai, which can bring benefit for Thailand  tourism industry.  I can’t find a lot about transgender history in Western country because they are reconstructed, while in Thailand, although there are not many writing record I feel transgender is more acceptable there from film or any other things.

Maybe Thailand religion influence their life way which can be explained why Katoey has high tolerance in Thai. There are more than 95% people believe buddhism.

Buddhists believe life circle. they think katoey born in that way because bad things they did in the former life. There are 4 genders in Buddhism culture, not only man and woman, but transgender and another gender could not demonstrate in English word.

 

Liu Xiaobo Case study

The Nobel Committee awarded a jailed Chinese liberal dissident Liu Xiaobo the 2010 peace prize for his non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China. The Committee justified its decision by saying real peace can not be created without human rights and democracy. The Chinese government responded in a very critical manner saying this violated the Nobel Award principle. They ridiculed the prize ceremony as a “farce”.

 

In October 2010, the news of Liu Nobel Award was shared extensively through Microblog in China. Posts were swiftly removed, however, and many Chinese microblog users who had posted information found their accounts disabled. “Liu Xiaobo” and the “Peace Prize” were prohibited keywords when searching at that time. Then Xinhua News agency came out with an official news release reflecting the Chinese Government’s opposition. The Chinese news website also posted this official position.

 

The Media-Government relationship is complicated in the West where they are two separate elements. To the contrary, the relationship between Media and the government is relatively simple in China. Media in China is like a window. The government can control what they want the public know by closing and opening this window. That is the reason why there are Weibo and RenRen instead of Facebook and Twitter in China because the government controls these China’s home social platforms easily.

 

The award ceremony highlighted the different approaches to media freedom, in China and in the West. The speech made in the award ceremony was a comprehensive criticism of China’s lack of human rights using Liu as an example. This award put China’s human rights in the global spotlight as the Nobel peace prize is a global award with a strong reputation. Awarding Liu was using an external and reputable award as a force against China’s attitude to political freedom. As a Chinese citizen, I had not been aware of Liu Xiaobo and what he did before reading of the Nobel award news on Microblog in 2010. Most people in China were in the same situation. The reality was that the Nobel ceremony, through the internet, brought this issue to the public in China.

 

Liu Xiaobo was accused of subversion and was sentenced to 11 years because he attacked the Chinese political system. News of his honor in being awarded of the Nobel Prize was surprisingly censored. The government used a variety ways to do this, such as closing users’ accounts, setting firewall and making official response, to block news flow. However, because of technology, Information still spread across the country.

 

Some would argue China was put in an embarrassing situation by the Nobel committee. It drew attention to its human rights violations at a time when the government was seeking to play a key role in the global community and the economy. In the formal speech in The Nobel ceremony, China was strongly warned that people should enjoy freedom of speech under its own constitution.

 

It the era of global communication and West dominance, the significance of the award and the empty chair was profound. The powerful message that globalization and technology was opening societies to global scrutiny and in China this meant that its human rights record was been noticed by the rest of the world. However, was this speech fair to China and was its political and social context ignored?

 

The political systems of communism and democracy could not be more different. Yet the Nobel Prize reflects the dominance of Western interpretation of world affairs with no mention of the complex nature of communism where individual rights are second to the state and in the population of 1.3 billion, social order is important. As far as Asian values are concerned state interest wins always over individual interest. Asian journalistic values ensure the media should work with the government, as a partner rather than watchdog to aid in the great tasks of nation building. So the media often provides a positive picture of the society to encourage people through reporting good things and achievements. That is the reason why dissident opinions or open criticism of government has no place as this may cause social chaos. The government employs many people to make comments on the website (so-called Five cents party) to lead public opinions and views.

 

China is slowing changing in terms of the role of media and the public participation in open discussion. The Chinese government sees its future as being open and outward looking. To appreciate how much it has changed, one only has to look at North Korea. In North Korea, people believe what the government announces because they have no/few ways to get information from the outside. Compared with North Korea, China has opened its media since 1978, although both of two nations share the same political system. For the Chinese government, this open market has come at the cost of a loss of power. Changes in China are occurring but will take a long time. The 2010 Nobel speech was critical of the Chinese government and its record however perhaps there was a lack of appreciation of the complex relationship between press freedom, social stability and social economic conditions.

 

The most important feature of news in today’s China is diversity and aggression never seen before in the press, which comes from a strong connection with the West. However, the fact that nearly all mediums reported the Nobel issue in one voice, no matter the newspaper (Xinhua news agency) or TV program was surprising proof of the strong links still remaining between the government and the media. They all parroted words of the Chinese official spokesman, claiming Liu Xiaobo was a criminal who organized activities aiming at damaging social stability and harmony.

 

Internal factors and social economic needs will be drivers of change in China. The Nobel award can help the world realize human rights problem in China, but can not change it because all real reforms (not revolution) needs to push from the inside to outside, and this will take time.