Monthly Archives: January 2020

Non-Functional Affordances

Today’s lecture was centred around the design concept of affordances, which was first brought into light by Don Norman in his book The Design of Everyday Things. In a brief sentence, Affordances are an object’s properties (real or perceived) that indicate its possible functions to whoever is using it, which suggests how it can be interacted with.

 

Something that came into my mind during the presentation was the existence of non functional affordances. That is, what are the properties of an object that can indicate unintended uses without changing the literal function of the object at all. The immediate example that comes to mind is colour. The colour of an object can have real, tangible and deliberate effects on its uses. Traffic lights, for instance, only have intended functionality purely based on the colour of the three lights (red, amber, green). However, taking this further, can the colour of an object bring about unintended perceptions in the user. Imagine you were to enter a classroom where all the chairs were black except for one red chair. I would expect most people to avoid taking that chair, assuming it was red for a specific purpose. This might not actually be true, it could simply have been borrowed from another room where all the chairs were red, but just by virtue of it being superficially different, it would be perceived as having a separate function from an otherwise identical chair. This can be taken even further by simply focusing on spatial location too. Let’s say, now, that all the chairs are black. What if they were all stacked on one end of the room except one chair which is sitting on the other end of the room in front of the whiteboard by itself. It would have no added functions to the other chairs, it’s the same colour, weight, type, etc. From a design perspective, it is completely identical. I would guess that, once again, if a class was asked to grab their chairs when they entered the room, no one would go for that chair because, presumably, they would ascribe some sort of ulterior use / significance / importance to the positioning of the chair. 

 

When trying to apply this concept to an instagram related concept, in keeping with the course content, its hard to imagine how these unwanted and unintended aesthetic affordances could impact a content creator and even harder to conceptualise how a creator would be able to plan for this outcome. Perhaps one way is to try and avoid colour schemes that may be linked to other brands (avoid bright red and yellow so you aren’t unintentionally linked with macdonalds, for instance). But one could also argue that this could be used in a positive way, by syncing your apps/photos/content up with the colour schemes, layouts, visual aesthetics etc with famous brands, content creators could unintentionally lump themselves in with bigger brands/studios and gain a wider audience by doing so. Youtube creators are probably the biggest proponents of this strategy, where youtube video thumbnails are incredibly similar across different content creators in order to trick viewers into thinking they are watching someone they are familiar with.

 

Networked Media : Initial Thoughts

How do the affordances of INSTAGRAM affect the way that photos and videos are authored, published and distributed in the network?
I thought that a good way to kick off my summer subject blog posts would be to just go through my initial thoughts and reactions to this prompt, which is going to be the focal point of the course.

 

The first thing that comes to mind when reading the prompt is how the format of instagram impacts user content. It was initially built as a basic photo sharing app that is specifically tailored to and intended to be used on smartphones. On a surface level, these constraints have obviously had a massive impact on the design of the UI. The way the feed scrolls is intuitive to a touch screen, but would be difficult on an older phone, the picture size format is perfectly scaled to a phone screen but looks small / odd on a computer screen etc etc. But going beyond that, the app functionality also aims to keep users interested / endlessly scrolling on the app. The feed is basically never ending on instagram, which is a trend on most social media related apps, in an attempt to keep the user “in-house”, so to speak, for as long as possible, rather than just using instagram for a limited time and then closing the app. It also tailors its notifications to keep the user checking instagram whenever they post a photo by sending a push notification to the users screen every time their photo receives a like or comment.


However if we look deeper, the layout and functionality of instagram has also affected how content creators format their media content. For example, it was originally used purely to share photos of your friends / family but has now become an app littered with “influencers” that use instagram to share sponsored photos with their fans in order to reach massive audiences. There is also the growing trend of “buzz feed esque” videos. These small fluff pieces are all over instagram and have a very specific format to keep people interested. Instagram has a default setting which mutes audio on the app unless otherwise told to play sound, and so content creators have started to make videos that require no sound to keep watchers interested (big, constant subtitles across the video, little to no sound mixing and instead focusing on visual content etc). This is a great example, in my mind, of the functionality of an app forcing media professionals to create content in a certain way, which might grab more viewers but certainly limits creativity within the video format.