I now wanted to move into the direction of the coverage of a scene, starting with framing. Framing is carefully considered by the filmmaker to create powerful cinematographic techniques, and allows the director to create a dynamic composition that engages the audience, highlighting the most important features. It defines both onscreen and offscreen space, that creates a vantage point that will create a specific distance, height and angle. The framing will change, depending on what is being filmed. Depending on the ratio of the shot, will determine what the scene will look like, how it will be displayed, and the larger the ratio, the more the director is likely to put more information off centre, so that the viewer can concentrate on that. There is two elements to framing and that is onscreen and offscreen space. Offscreen space is where the audience can tell what is going on when they cant see what is happening outside of the frame. The sounds can be offered as cues as to what is in the space, building up the audiences expectations. This space is created by that of the camera and its surrounding, due to the area around the camera being used imaginatively. Only a couple of cues are needed to suggest to the audience what is happening in and out of the frame. The angle of a shot illustrates how the filmmaker wants the audience to see what is happening, and the level of the shot can either be horizontal or canted, where canted is normally used for a more disruptive effect. Height is determined by the level and angle of the shot, as it is how the filmmaker wants to show the visual style, and capture a certain connotation, depending on how the viewer sees the action unravelling. This is evident in the ‘Oh Lucky man’ final scene that I analysed, where the camera shooting from above the action, illustrating that the audience is seeing the party as an outsider, where the balloons start to fall on everyone, and not in amongst the actors, like the majority of the shots. All of the functions of framing create a clear understanding of what will be shown in the shot and how it will be seen to the audience; this is an important feature in cinema. as it sets up the overall connotation and context. There are distances and angles that form patterns that guide us in building up the story, which is again evident in ‘Oh Lucky Man’, where there is a repetition of specific distances and gales of the shot, that reiterate the action; this makes framing an important motif within the film. Through the movements such as panning, tracking or tilting, the audience becomes aware of the space being shown or implied. The camera shots are taken with a connotation to the rest of the film. very shot has its own meaning, and its own positioning, and the way the camera shots is placed, determines how the audiences sees the scene. We tend to see the camera movement as a substitute for our own movements.

~Research: ‘Film Art: An Introduction’ by David Bordwell and Kirstin Thompson.