Proferes, N. 2008 ‘Introduction to Film Language and Grammar’, Film Directing Fundamentals: See Your Film Before Shooting, Focal Press, Oxford UK

In Chapter 1 of Film Directing Fundamentals: See Your Film Before Shooting, Proferes introduces the language and grammar of film generally. Using graphical images to support the theoretical text, Proferes goes into great depth about the 180-degree rule and continuity editing in relation to screen direction. He ends the chapter discussing film time and either ‘compressing’ or ‘elaborating’ on time. Proferes’ pedagogies are analogous to the prior research on including sequences with non-linear depictions of time and the editing of time narratively. Due to the multiple clear drawings and representations of his theories, Proferes’ pedagogies are reliable. The information is unbiased due to using minimal examples from films. This chapter was relatable to my research on editing of the cut as it explained the 180-degree rule in continuity editing. Further research on this method of continuity cutting will not be needed however it has assisted in my research. Research on the montage in editing needs to be undertaken.

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